ࡱ > *d bjbj [ + ! ! ! ! ! 5 5 5 8 m 5 - $ > ; Q Q Q - - - - - - - 0 2 > - ! ( " ( ( - ! ! Q Q - |, |, |, ( ! Q ! Q - |, ( - |, |, |, Q p U 5 + |, n- - 0 - |, 2 , ^ 2 |, |, " 2 ! , |, " L >% - - |, - ( ( ( ( 2 :
Critical Tourism Down-Under Conference
Friday 24 November 2006
School of Leisure Sport and Tourism
University of Technology, Sydney
Edited by Jennie Small (UTS)
Program
9.45 -10.00Welcome10.00 -10.30First person phenomenological tourist experiences
Johan Edelheim10.30 -11.00Why I feel like Hannibal Lecter: Air travel and people with mobility disabilities
Simon Darcy
11.00 -11.15 Morning tea11.15 - 11.45Traveller repatriation: A dialectical contribution to tourist experience research
Alison McIntosh, Candice Harris, Naomi Walter
11.45 -12.15Post colonial development and tourism: Hybridity, ethics and the subjecting tourist
Stephen Wearing, Michael Wearing
12.15 - 12.45Work-life dis/harmony in tourism academe
Jennie Small, Irena Ateljevic, Candice Harris, Erica Wilson
12.45 - 1.30Lunch1.30 - 2.00What right do we have? The search for a just and right research relationship with indigenous peoples
Freya Higgins Desbiolles, Gabrielle Russell-Mundine
Teaching Critical Tourism
2.00 - 2.30The critical turn in teaching hospitality and tourism: Reflections on a Socratic approach
Wayne Fallon
2.30 - 3.30Discussion Teaching Critical Tourism
3.30 3.45Afternoon Tea 3. 45 4.30Organisation of Critical Tourism Special Interest Session CAUTHE4.30 Drinks6.15Dinner at Indigos, 304 Pacific Highway, Lindfield
The School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism will host the day, providing lunch and teas. Dinner at Indigos will be at attendees expense
Abstracts
Why I feel like Hannibal Lecter: Air travel and people with mobility disabilities
Simon Darcy
University of Technology Sydney
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Simon.Darcy@uts.edu.au"Simon.Darcy@uts.edu.au
This paper presents an understanding of people with mobility disabilities air travel experiences. The research design used a modified grounded and phenomenological qualitative approach that sought to understand the experiences of people with mobility disabilities in their own words. The methods involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews that were part of a larger study into the tourism experiences of people with mobility disabilities. Fifteen in-depth interviews were undertaken together with reanalysis of the qualitative responses to a broader quantitative study on the same topic. What emerged from the interviews was that air travel created a disembodied experience where people were unnecessarily cast back into a state of helplessness. This experience was socially constructed through a combination of international air regulations, airline procedures and a new wave of occupational health and safety considerations. The resultant experience for many people with mobility disabilities was one of heightened anxiety, helplessness and humiliation. The conclusion outlines ways that the airline industry could reduce the essence of these experiences through a greater understanding of an embodied ontology without compromising essential international safety regulations.
Keywords: air travel; mobility disability; regulation; lived experience
What right do we have? The search for a just and right research relationship with indigenous peoples
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles
University of South Australia
Email:HYPERLINK "mailto:Freya.HigginsDesbiolles@unisa.edu.au"Freya.HigginsDesbiolles@unisa.edu.au
Gabrielle Russell-Mundine
Southern Cross University, Australia
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:g.russell.10@scu.edu.au"g.russell.10@scu.edu.au
Indigenous peoples, around the world, are becoming ever more vocal about the implications and negative impacts of research conducted, primarily by non-Indigenous people, on their lives, cultures and experiences. For many Indigenous peoples their understanding and experience of research is inseparable from their experiences of colonization and the consequent subjection to the Western gaze which has resulted in their voices, experiences and traditional knowledges being silenced and excluded from traditional research practices ADDIN EN.CITE Smith200334134Smith, Linda Tuhiwai2003Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous PeoplesLondonZed Books2081 85649 623 6Own LibraryDecolonizingMethodologyIndigenist researchOthersRigney199651351Rigney, Lester-Irabinna1996Tools for an Indigenist Research Methodology: A Narungga PerspectiveWorld Indigenous Peoples Conference: EducationAlbuquerque, New Mexico15 - 23 June 1996B P984.25/D1 - AIATSISRigney199772372Rigney, Lester-Irabinna1997Internationalisation of An Indigenous Anti - Colonial Cultural Critique of Research Methodologies: A guide to Indigenist Research Methodology and its Principles.HERSDA Annual International Conference - Research and Development in Higher Education: Advancing International PerspectivesAdelaideHigher Education Research and Development Society of Research Australia (HERDSA)20pp 629-636Rigney199973373Rigney, Lester-Irabinna1999The First Perspective: Culturally Safe Research Practices On or With Indigenous PeoplesChacmool ConferenceCalgary, Alberta Canada1 - 26Indigenist research. Indigenous peoples are now claiming a new research space and developing an Indigenous standpoint theory that is empowering, seeks to create change and, most importantly, integrates Indigenous understandings of knowledge creation into research methodologies.
This developing Indigenous standpoint theory can be a thorny issue for those non-Indigenous researchers who aspire to ethical engagement in Indigenous research and who want to meet the challenge of the critical research paradigms imperative for solidarity and transformative action in their Indigenous research work. While some Indigenous leaders and academics advocate the establishment of networks of solidarity with non-Indigenous people and researchers in order to together create a more just, equitable and sustainable order, such work is by no means unproblematic nor easy.
It is within such contexts that two non-Indigenous researchers will outline their recent experiences of undertaking research with Indigenous peoples in Australia. In particular, the paper will address the ways in which the researchers sought to undertake research that was empowering and just and the steps they took to ensure that Indigenous voices, experiences and knowledges were privileged. The authors, undertaking research for their PhDs on two different Indigenous tourism projects in Australia, will outline their experiences, particularly the challenges encountered and the creativity required, in undertaking research which adhered to the principles of ethical and just research as articulated by Indigenous peoples.
First person phenomenological tourist experiences
Johan R. Edelheim
Southern Cross University, Australia
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:jedelhei@scu.edu.au"jedelhei@scu.edu.au
I am consciously taking a step away from the dominant tradition of Tourism Studies in order to critically question the way tourism is currently analysed by basing this research on qualitative humanities methods. That I am pursuing my PhD in Cultural Studies is because I wanted to critically analyse Tourism Studies and the meaning of tourism from the outside of that tradition. Motivated by the slogan for phenomenology claiming: Meanings inspired only by remote, confused, inauthentic intuitions if by any intuitions at all are not enough: we must go back to the things themselves Wir wollen auf die Sachen selbst zurckgehen ADDIN EN.CITE Husserl2001 [1913]874, p. 881874Edmund Husserl2001 [1913]The Shorter Logical InvestigationsLondon and New YorkRoutledgeSecond German edition of Logische UntersuchungenJ. N. Findlay0-415-24192-8Logische Untersuchungen first published in German by M. Niemeyer, Halle 1900, 1901
Second German edition, Vol. I and Vol. II, Part I, first published 1913(Husserl, 2001 [1913], p. 88), I set out to construct a solid base, at least for myself, to build upon. I chose phenomenology as one of my methodologies as I wanted to investigate tourist experiences on their own without the pre-suppositions originating in earlier Tourism Studies. I am in this research aiming to lay bare constitutive elements of tourist attractions as they are presented to the viewer, and how they are simultaneously perceived. The original description of the phenomenon is naturally subjective in that it vividly describes one phenomenon; the goal is, however, to reflect on the phenomenon and thereby generate some echoes in others, particularly those with similar experiences ADDIN EN.CITE Willis2001317, p 30317Willis, Peter2001The “Things Themselves” in PhenomenologyIndo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, On-line journal available at http://ipjp.orgVolume 111-14April 2001On-line articleAvailable on-line at www.ipjp.org.Phenomenology folderwww.ipjp.org.(Willis, 2001, p 3). My aim is to describe tourist attractions from the perspective of one tourist, myself, and to uncover what elements of the experience at that attraction constituted the experience in exactly the way it was experienced by me. Or, in other words, I will try to investigate what made the phenomenon mean what it did to me, and without which it would not have been that same phenomenon.
The critical turn in teaching hospitality and tourism: Reflections on a Socratic approach
Wayne Fallon
University of Western Sydney
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:W.Fallon@uws.edu.au"W.Fallon@uws.edu.au
This paper outlines a study into the adoption of the Socratic Method as the mode of instruction in teaching business ethics to hospitality management graduate students. The Socratic Method engages a questioning technique of leading learners through a process that invites them to contemplate their knowledge and understanding of a topic and, by reflecting on that, to uncover self-knowledge and develop critical thinking. In this study, the objectives of the Socratic classes were to provide students with an opportunity to discover the ethical shape of situations and to stimulate their moral imagination.
The study is theoretically sited in the critical perspective: being openly and unashamedly political, critical theory is claimed to offer opportunity to reflect on, and to question, the norms and practices of prevailing ideologies. In an application of this, the branch of management theory known as Critical Management Studies (CMS) encourages critical reflection about some of the commonly accepted beliefs and claims about business and management. So, CMS can draw attention to the excesses of business management that are often borne out of a corporatised devotion to the economic perspective on management, and out of reliance on the type of business-is-business dictum which is sometimes used to legitimise the economic perspective. On this foundation, Critical Management Education has been identified as a teaching perspective that encourages students to question and challenge or at least to reflect on some of the taken-for-granted beliefs about business and management.
The study draws on this critical perspective in the delivery of the Socratic classes. The paper explains the Socratic techniques used in the classes, and analyses the perceptions of the students. While the research appeared to show some support, at least from this cohort of graduate students, for the adoption of the Socratic Method in teaching business ethics, opportunities to refine the class delivery methods are identified. The conclusion tentatively suggests that the Socratic Method may at least go some way towards stimulating the moral imagination of students; and some areas for further research are proposed. The conclusion also considers how the critical perspective might impact academic practice, including teaching, research and administration.
Keywords: Hospitality management; Education of business ethics; Socratic Method; Critical Management Education
Traveller repatriation: A dialectical contribution to tourist experience research
Alison McIntosh
The University of Waikato, New Zealand
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:mcintosh@mngt.waikato.ac.nz"mcintosh@mngt.waikato.ac.nz
Candice Harris
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Candice.Harris@aut.ac.nz"Candice.Harris@aut.ac.nz
Naomi Walter
The University of Waikato, New Zealand
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:naomi@icl.ac.nz"naomi@icl.ac.nz
This paper seeks to extend a dialectical ontological account of tourism that foregrounds absences, negativities or ills in contrast to the more widely reported positive and escapist nature of tourism. Whilst an extensive number of studies proffer a subjective account of the tourist experience, this paper argues that a holistic perspective is needed in tourism research to capture the qualitative and personal nature of travel within the context of the travellers wider life course, including negative emotion and distress that may arise from the travel experience.
To this end, this paper draws on findings of research conducted in 2005 to investigate the personal experiences of 24 OE (Overseas Experience) travellers repatriating to New Zealand. A grounded approach to research design enabled the capture of thick description of the repatriates period of transition upon the return home from extended overseas travel. The return home is found to be a significant phase of the travel experience; it offers an opportunity to reflect not only on the travel experience itself but also on its impact on their wider life course and overall direction in life; it is seen to influence returnees future choices, attitudes and behaviours. However, findings of the study also showed that travel is not always the happy, relaxing, hedonistic pursuit that is often portrayed in the tourism literature. A more holistic biographic approach allowed the capture of, for instance, the influence of a relationship break up, illness or injury, depression and transition distress to emerge. Drawing on this evidence, the paper posits that the return home from travel, and the personal life experiences of returnees, especially those which include negative emotion or experience, are fundamental dimensions of the tourist experience that remain absent from most existing research.
Work-life dis/harmony in tourism academe
Jennie Small
University of Technology, Sydney
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Jennie.Small@uts.edu.au"Jennie.Small@uts.edu.au
Irena Ateljevic
Waginen University, The Netherlands
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Irena.Ateljevic@wur.nl"Irena.Ateljevic@wur.nl
Candice Harris
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Candice.Harris@aut.ac.nz"Candice.Harris@aut.ac.nz
Erica Wilson
Southern Cross University, Australia
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Erica.Wilson@scu.edu.au"Erica.Wilson@scu.edu.au
Employing memory-work, four tourism academics examined their work-life balance (or unbalance). The focus of the research was Work-life Dis/harmony in Tourism Academe. The participants wrote a memory of harmony and a memory of disharmony and brought these memories to a group discussion. A number of themes emerged. It was clear that, for these participants, a sense of communion and unity with female colleagues within a peaceful, natural environment was a key to a feeling of harmony. Disharmony was represented by memories of overwork, stress and pressure which led to illness. The written memories and discussion stressed the synthesis of body and mind and highlighted the embodied experience of the academic life of the women. It was clear that the women were very committed to their work but felt alienated in the masculinist, academic culture. It was also clear the women experienced a dilemma as they recognised many of the positive features of an academic lifestyle. The women addressed big life questions and the meaning of a successful life. Solutions were proposed.
Post colonial development and tourism: Hybridity, ethics and the subjecting tourist
Stephen Wearing
University of Technology, Sydney
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Stephen.Wearing@uts.edu.au"Stephen.Wearing@uts.edu.au
Michael Wearing
University of New South Wales, Australia
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:m.wearing@unsw.edu.au"m.wearing@unsw.edu.au
Western White Tourism has othered and marginalised anything that has not been seen as mainstream culture. These constructions position a range of non-dominant elements and people as inferior to the mainstream profit driven business of tourism. We will reflect upon the ethical dimensions of making spaces for those who potentially are othered by the tourist industry in host countries of Asia and Australia. The business of tourism as an economic enterprise has been an acceptable maxim for the approval of a wider range of destructive activities in developing nations. The paper will follow on from our previous work on the formation of hosts and tourist identity in the postcolonial contact zones of tourism. Some examples are given from Australia, Asia and other non-White countries. We ask, how reflective ethical codes and practice might make this business different, more ethically aware and more sustainable? The ideas of sustainability has brought to tourism mechanisms that question and provide direction on identity difference. We theorise this difference within a framework on hybrid tourist-host identities. The purpose is to understand how postcolonial theory assists the framing of ethical decision making in tourism organizations and in the practice/encounters of tourist activities.
Participant Contact Details
Simon Darcy School of Leisure, Sport and TourismUniversity of Technology, SydneyPO Box 222Lindfield, NSW 2070AUSTRALIATel:+61 2 95145100Fax:+61 2 95145195Email:HYPERLINK "mailto:Simon.Darcy@uts.edu.au"Simon.Darcy@uts.edu.au
Tracey DicksonCentre for Tourism ResearchSustainable Tourism CRCUniversity of Canberra
ACT 2601AUSTRALIA
Tel: + 61 2 6201 2465Fax: +61 2 6201 2649
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Tracey.Dickson@canberra.edu.au"Tracey.Dickson@canberra.edu.au
Kay Dimmock
Southern Cross University
PO Box 157,
Lismore, NSW 2474
AUSTRALIA
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:kdimmock@scu.edu.au"kdimmock@scu.edu.au
Johan EdelheimHotel and Resort ManagementSchool of Tourism & Hospitality ManagementSouthern Cross University ~ Coffs Harbour CampusHogbin DriveCoffs Harbour, NSW 2457
AUSTRALIA Tel: +61 2 6659 3615 Fax: +61 2 6659 3144 HYPERLINK "http://www.scu.edu.au/tourism"Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:jedelhei@scu.edu.au"jedelhei@scu.edu.au
Wayne Fallon
School of Management
University of Western Sydney, Blacktown Campus
Locked Bag 1797
Penrith South DC, NSW 1797
AUSTRALIA
Tel:+ 61 2 9852 4138 Fax: +61 2 9852 4003 Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:w.fallon@uws.edu.au"w.fallon@uws.edu.au
Candice Harris
Management
Faculty of Business
AUT University
Private Bag 92006
Auckland 1142
NEW ZEALAND
Tel: + 64 9 921 9999 ext 5102
Cell: 027 241 6741
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:candice.harris@aut.ac.nz"candice.harris@aut.ac.nz
Freya Higgins Desbiolles
School of Management
University of South Australia
GPO Box 2471
Adelaide, SA 5001
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 8 8302 0878
Fax: +61 8 8302 0512
Email:HYPERLINK "mailto:Freya.HigginsDesbiolles@unisa.edu.au"Freya.HigginsDesbiolles@unisa.edu.au
Lesley HodgsonDepartment of Outdoor Education and EnvironmentLa Trobe University, BendigoPO Box 199,
Bendigo, Victoria 3552AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 3 5444 7268
Fax: +61 3 5444 7848Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:l.hodgson@latrobe.edu.au"l.hodgson@latrobe.edu.au
Alison McIntosh
Department of Tourism Management
Waikato Management School
The University of Waikato
Private Bag 3105
Hamilton
NEW ZEALAND
Tel: +64 7 838 4962
Fax: +64 7 838 4331
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:mcintosh@mngt.waikato.ac.nz"mcintosh@mngt.waikato.ac.nz
Noah Nielsen
School of Tourism and Hospitality Management
CRC for Sustainable Tourism
Southern Cross University,
PO BOX 157
Lismore, NSW 2474
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 2 6620 3031
0418 113 406
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:nniels10@scu.edu.au"nniels10@scu.edu.au
Gabrielle Russell-Mundine
School of Tourism and Hospitality Management
CRC for Sustainable Tourism
Southern Cross University
PO Box 311
Wentworthville, NSW 2145
AUSTRALIA
Tel: 0414 522 702
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:g.russell.10@scu.edu.au"g.russell.10@scu.edu.au
Jennie Small School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism Faculty of Business
University of Technology, Sydney PO Box 222
Lindfield, NSW 2070 AUSTRALIA Tel: +61 2 9514 5109/5367 Fax: +61 2 9514 5195
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:Jennie.Small@uts.edu.au"Jennie.Small@uts.edu.au
Stephen Wearing School of Leisure, Sport and TourismFaculty of BusinessUniversity of Technology, Sydney PO Box 222 Lindfield, NSW 2070
AUSTRALIATel: +61 2 95145432Fax: +61 2 95145195 email: HYPERLINK "mailto:stephen.wearing@uts.edu.au"stephen.wearing@uts.edu.au
Erica Wilson
School of Tourism and Hospitality Management
Southern Cross University
PO Box 157
Lismore, NSW 2480
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 2 6620 3151
Fax: +61 2 6622 2208
Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:erica.wilson@scu.edu.au"erica.wilson@scu.edu.au
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1
9 : = + , - Ͽ߿vngn]S]S]S]S]nLng hwU h $ hj h1f 5] hj h $ 5] hj h $ hj h $ 5h36 5CJ aJ h $ 5CJ aJ h14 h $ 56CJ aJ h14 h14 56CJ aJ h14 56CJ aJ h1f h $ 5CJ OJ QJ aJ h1f h6 5CJ OJ QJ aJ h1f h6 5CJ( OJ QJ aJ( h6 5CJ aJ -j h3 5CJ UaJ mH nH sH tH u
9 : ; < = U V W { gd6 $a$gd6 $$If a$gdj $a$gd $ $a$gdC2k , i ] ] Q $$If a$gd= k $$If a$gdj kd $$If l 0 >2"
t 0 6 4 4
l a p ytj , - : x x l l $$If a$gd= k $$If a$gdj { kd $$If l 0 >2"
t 0 6 4 4
l a ytj - : j k v w
&
(
6
8
9
F
G
H
I
V
[
\
d
e
p
q
t
u
¾ԾԶܯ h1 h'f hl/ hj h= k 5h= k h$f hj h $ hwU h= k h $ h36 hl/ h0
hl/ hj h1f 5hj hl/ 5hj h $ 5 @ x x $$If a$gdj { kd[ $$If l 0 >2"
t 0 6 4 4
l a ytj
G
H
i ] ] Q Q $$If a$gd= k $$If a$gdj kd $$If l 0 >2"
t 0 6 4 4
l a p ytj H
I
V
x x l l $$If a$gd= k $$If a$gdj { kd $$If l 0 >2"
t 0 6 4 4
l a ytj
# $ % 3 4 5 B C D E W X Y e j k p q s t v w ڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴڴˡ h8 h= k
h= k 0J
h $ 0J hj hx 5hj h36 5hs9 h= k h $ h= k hp h $ hj h1f 5hj h<